Page 245 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 3

Gül Aslı Aksu

Road and rail networks and
12220 associated land 5
12400 Airport 5
13100 Mineral extraction sites 5
13300 Construction sites 5

13400 Land with no current use 5
14100 Green urban areas 2
14200 Sports and leisure facilities 4
21000 Arable land 3
22000 Permanent crops 1
23000 Pastures 2

24000 Heterogeneous agricultural areas 2
31000 Forests 1
Shrub and/or herbaceous vegetation
32000 1
associations
33000 Open spaces with little or no vegetation 5
50000 Water bodies 2

2.2. Landscape Pattern Analysis
Since landscape pattern is a basic indicator of landscape functions, it is
important to have knowledge about the spatial distribution and arrangement
of LU/LC classes in order to perceive the landscape from a holistic point of
view (Forman, 1995; Antrop, 2001; Laitão et al., 2006; Kupfer, 2012).
The number, ratio, distribution and spatial arrangement of the patches
belonging to a class are the main components in determining landscape
patterns (Li, 1994; Peng, 2010). Some landscape metrics that describe similar
landscape characters are related to each other, but each landscape index
reflects a different aspect of the landscape (Liu, 2017). Regression equations
reveal that the information expressed by landscape metrics is usually not
about a single component, but about the complexity of various components
of spatial models. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the landscape
pattern using landscape metrics that represent a combination of structure,
composition and configuration (McGarigal, 2005; Peng, 2010). The critical
issue here is that the expert who makes the evaluation, prefers the metric
set that will best reveal the spatial arrangement of the landscape structure
according to the subject being investigated (Leitão and Muge, 2001; Aguilera

230 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate