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Gül Aslı Aksu

using mathematical programming techniques (Collins et al., 2001; Geneletti,
2005 and 2007). However, it is relatively increasing in multi-criteria evaluations
that are left only to the evaluation of the decision maker. For this reason,
“Analytical Hierarchy Process” which can check the consistency in values,
may reduce relativity. In this regard, it is often preferred in landscape analysis
and evaluation, which exhibits a layered structure, and can provide effective
results (Aksu et al., 2017; Aksu, 2022; Aksu and Kırca, 2022).
The Analytical Hierarchy Process is a method of deriving proportional
scales in order to integrate the procedure for revealing the components of
any problem. This method uses the basic logic of dividing a problem into
smaller building blocks and then establishes priorities among the elements of
the hierarchy by making a series of judgments based on pairwise comparisons
of the elements (Harker and Vargas, 1987). In the Analytical Hierarchy Method,
values from 1 to 9 are assigned to the factors subjected to the comparison
matrix (Saaty and Vargas, 2012). The Analytical Hierarchy Method is based
on three basic principles: “Establishing the Hierarchies”, “Determination of
Priorities” and “Logical and Numerical Consistency” (Özcan, 2008).
Thanks to the normalization process applied in this method, the criterion
lose their own values and become an expression of acquisition degree of the
evaluated item. In this way, the effects of the defined criterion alternatives become
comparable. In the second step, the factors selected for analysis are weighted.
The weighting process is used to express the relative importance of different
criteria and to include them in the evaluation. Finally, by using a decision-making
rule, alternatives are generated. With the spatial evaluation methods applied
in GIS, the spatial performances of the criteria are simplified and systematized
(Steiner et al., 2000; Geneletti, 2007; Herwijnen and Janssen, 2001).
In the research area, this method has been preferred in the evaluation
of the surface runoff that occurs depending on a large number of criteria.
A large number of natural-cultural components interact in ecosystems. The
components and the interactions between them form a complex structure.
For this reason, it is not possible to rigidly separate the criteria from each
other that will be evaluated in multi-criteria analyses. This should be taken
into account when choosing criteria. It is important to pay attention to the
fact that the criteria should contain the main indicators related to the subject
being analyzed and should not be reiterated. Repetitive components within
the criteria reduce the reliability of the analysis. As an example, wind direction
affecting the precipitation is a criterion that can be directly related to the
exposure; if a separate layer is created depending on the wind direction
and exposure criterion is also included as a layer in the analysis, then the
evaluation of differences based on the direction would be repeated. Exposure
is a criterion in itself which is sufficient to include wind direction, precipitation,

224 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate