Page 236 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 3

Evaluation of Surface Runoff Risk in The Frame of Landscape Pattern:
The Case of Kastamonu Central District

(ICOMOS) has evaluated the concept of landscape and its areas of impact
in the “Declaration of the principles and recommendations on the value of
cultural heritage and landscapes for promoting peaceful and democratic
societies” on “Heritage and Landscape as Human Values” (the Florence
Declaration). It was emphasized in the Declaration that landscapes are an
integral part of heritage as they are the living memory of past generations
and can provide tangible and intangible connections to future generations.
With this approach, it is also highlighted that cultural heritage and landscape
are fundamental for the community identity and should be preserved through
traditional practices and knowledge that also guarantees that biodiversity is
safeguarded (ICOMOS, 2014).
Landscapes incorporate important interrelations regarding the cultural, socio-
economic, environmental aspects and also well-being of the population and in this
sense, exhibit a structure that can integrate economic, social and environmental
processes. This critical structure of landscapes also allowed them to be seen as places
where sustainable development strategies can be successfully implemented, and a
“bio-cultural understanding” has been recommended in which other species and
habitats in the landscape are also determined and preserved by people. Further,
in the declaration, the artificial separation between conservation and innovation
was questioned, and it was emphasized that cultural landscapes should also host
vital issues such as new models of economic development, responses to climate
change, risk management, biodiversity conservation and the human well-being
(ICOMOS, 2014).
Planning and managing urban landscapes in line with sustainability goals
requires a holistic approach to analysis and evaluation processes. In order
to make interferences and establish relationships between the components
of the urban ecosystem, which exhibits a complex structure, it is, at first,
necessary to act with the right indicators.
The aim of this research is to interpret the relationships between landscape
pattern and surface runoff risk as indicators of urban ecosystem in the case
of the Central district of Kastamonu province, and to develop suggestions
for the sustainability of its urban ecosystem. In this context, in the research
area, surface runoff risk was evaluated primarily by subjecting to risk analysis
based on the analytical hierarchy process of the permeability layer via slope,
exposure, elevation and land use/land cover (LU/LC) classes (CORINE
classification system was referenced). In the second stage, the spatial
arrangement of the cultural landscape types determined based on the LU/
LC classes belonging to the research area was evaluated by means of pattern
analysis. Finally, suggestions for sustainable development were developed by
interpreting the relationships between runoff risk and landscape patterns.

Year 2 / Issue 3 / January 2023 221