Page 185 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 2

Gizem Erdoğan - Serdar Simsar - Sinem Dudu Sakal - Ömer Kor - Gamze Kardoğan
Ceren Parıltı - Yaşar Doğukan Kaya - Begüm Gündoğdu

the society, and decide on the assembly areas with sufficient infrastructure
to facilitate the management of the process. Another important point is
the transport and infrastructure systems. In case of disasters, transportation
systems may fail to function due to damage or overuse. For this reason, in
urban systems, the transport systems with a hierarchical structure and the
existence of alternative roads are considered to be variables that increase
urban resilience (Khodabakhsh et al, 2015; Gerçek and Güven, 2016).
For an urban transportation planning to be resilient, there is need for gradual
density, mixed land use, proper locations for settlements and facilities, regional
transition-centered improvements, mobility management development,
modal connectedness development, and fair access (accessibility for special
needs group). There also needs to be principles such as reducing the need
for travel, increasing accessibility, developing alternative transportations (to
cars, such as public transport, bikes, walkability, etc.), slowing down traffic,
decreasing capacity, and improving infrastructure use. (Khodabakhsh et al,
2015). The prior focus of resilient city planning is to preserve the urban residents’
standards of living, to promote the consumption of renewable energy sources
and build a healthy relationship between cities and ecosystems.
The Contruction Law numbered 3194 defines Master plan as a plan
that displays elements like the patches of a land, their the general use
types, primary region types, the future population densities of regions, the
development directions, sizes and principles of settlements, transportation
systems and solutions to problems. Spatial Plans Construction Regulations,
on the other hand, define Master Plan as a plan that displays the general
use types of patches of land, the patches of a land, their the general land-
use types, primary region types, the future population densities of regions,
the development directions, sizes and principles of various urban and rural
settlements, urban social and technical infrastructure areas, and transportation
systems, prepared in metropolitan municipalities at all scales ranging from
1 /5000 to 1/25.000. The relevant regulations emphasize the importance of
walking distances in master plans, referring to access to education, health, and
green area, etc. services within the framework of topography, construction,
and density thresholds. According to the regulations, playgrounds, outdoor
public sport facilities, family healthcare center, kindergarten, preschool and
primary school services should be planned to be service areas within 500 m
walking distance, secondary schools within 1.000 m walking distance, and
high schools within 2.500 m. walking distance.
Article 23 of the same regulation points to the need for the design of
transport systems to reduce travel distances, the need for the design of outdoor
areas such as parks, playgrounds, and squares at a scale of neighborhood and

171 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate