Page 182 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 2

Designing Resilient Cities: Application
Guide Seeking, The Case Of İzmir Torbalı

Urban resilience can be defined as the ability of urban systems to fight
against all the stress and shocks on the city with all the stakeholders to adapt,
and during this process, to provide the sustainability of services, recover
quickly, and to transform (UNHabitat, 2021). The lack of resilience in a city is
linked to potential disasters, disruptions in urban systems and socio-economic
effects (Chelleri, 2012; Schauppenlehner-Kloyber and Penker, 2016). Neil
Adger added social resilience concept to urban systems beyond the technical
approach of urban planning and emphasized the need of the groups and
societies to deal with the turmoil and disruptions caused by external stresses
as well as social, political and environmental effects (Adger, 2000). One of the
most comprehensive definitions on resilient cities came from a 2016 study by
Meerow et al: “Urban resilience refers to the ability of an urban system-and all
its constituent socio-ecological and socio-technical networks across temporal
and spatial scales-to maintain or rapidly return to desired functions in the face
of a disturbance, to adapt to change, and to quickly transform systems that
limit current or future adaptive capacity.” (Meerow, Newell, Stults, 2016). Cities
that constantly improve their preparations to maintain functions in economic,
institutional, environmental, and social areas are on track for urban resilience
(Öztürk and Demirel, 2021). To sum up, resilient cities can mean cities that repair
social, economic, and technical damage without losing their functions and
identities while it can also mean an adaptation and transformation program
that points to an urban development vision that maintains the sustainability of
scarce resources and aims to benefit from resources in the best way possible.
The issue of whether cities are resilient or not points researchers to the
process of identifying comparable and guiding criteria. Various research
groups have proposed resilient city criteria. One of them is the Rockefeller
Foundation. The Foundation developed its own concept and approach
of urban resilience and created a network of 100 Resilient Cities (100RC).
Through this network, the foundation aims to provide technical and financial
aid to cities to increase their resilience through the planning and assessment
tools such as City Resilience Framework (CRF) and Index (CRI) developed
by international engineering advisers to detect the relative security flaws
and strengths between 2013 and 2019 (Rockefeller, 2022). The Network
developed criteria for Integration, Inclusivity, Reflecting, Resourceful,
Powerful, Useless and Resilience, and Health and Quality of Life, Economy
and Society, Infrastructure and Ecosystem, and Leadership and Strategy
(2016). Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, on the
other hand, assesses resilient cities in terms of the criteria, Economy, Society,
and Environment (Table 2).

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