Page 289 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 2

Hilal Tulan Işıldar - Özge Yalçıner Ercoşkun

the risk of desertification lack of rain and increase in evaporation, forest fires,
disorganized urbanization in coastal areas, the existence of industrial and
tourism facilities, the use of a second house, the ongoing construction of a
nuclear power plant, unemployment and the child population exceeding the
usual average of Türkiye (Figure 2).
The cities of İzmir and Muğla with a coast to the Aegean Sea are highly
vulnerable. The reasons include the high risk of desertification, lack of rain and
increase in evaporation as well as the high risk of earthquake, forest fires, oil
refinery, the existence of industrial and tourism facilities, and the high level of
unemployment and population density (Figure 2).
The city of Istanbul with a coast to the Marmara Sea is highly vulnerable.
The reasons include the rise in sea levels, the high risk of earthquake,
unemployment, high population density, high child population rate, shanty
settlements, land reclamation practices in coastal areas, big infrastructure
investments, the existence of industrial facilities, the coastal length above the
average length in Türkiye, and the constant upward trend in migration to this
destination (Figure 2)

Figure 2: The Study of the vulnerability levels of coastal cities in Türkiye.
(Created by the writers)

Black Sea coastal cities except for Bartın and Artvin, Kocaeli, Sakarya and
Aydın, which has a coast to the Aegean Sea, all have medium vulnerability.
The reasons of the vulnerability of Black Sea coastal cities include landslides,

275 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate