Page 285 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 2

Hilal Tulan Işıldar - Özge Yalçıner Ercoşkun

to deal with this situation, demographic changes and rapid urbanization may
cause destabilize social structures (Leitmann- Bartone- Bernstein, 1992: 131-
140). Climate-based driving factors like increased temperatures and irregular
precipitation decrease the applicability of agricultural sources of income, which
triggers migration from urban to rural areas (www.stimson.org, Accessed:
03.06.2022). Urban poverty tends to be concentrated around places exposed
to direct or indirect effects of climate change. As economic growth becomes
more sensitive to the shocks of climate, the vulnerability of the population will
also increase. These communities are likely to experience injuries as well as loss of
property and income, which makes their adaptation even harder. For this reason,
the overlap between demographical changes and poverty increases the risk of
vulnerability in the most defenseless communities in coastal cities (www.stimson.
org, Accessed: 03.06.2022; Leitmann- Bartone- Bernstein, 1992: 131-140).
GIS, which has become an essential tool for identifying the vulnerability
of the cities as well as their capacity for adaptation and resilience to climate
change, is highly important for determining long-term sustainability goals
(Ercoskun, 2012, 1-13) to increase adaptation and resilience in coastal cities,
as in many recent studies, this study utilizes GIS to determine the effect levels
of physical, economic, social and spatial problems.

2. Material and Method

This study aims to conduct a vulnerability analysis on 28 coastal cities of
Türkiye. To this end, a coastal information system consisting of physical, spatial,
economic and social indicators was created for the 28 coastal cities. The data
on the resulting coastal information system was acquired from academic
studies as well as the institutions and organizations, Turkish Statistical Institute
(TÜİK), Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change, the
General Directorate of Meteorology, Disaster and Emergency Management
Presidency (AFAD), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate
of Forestry, and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The
detection of vulnerability levels of coastal cities was made through GIS. The
steps of the analysis were as follows:
• A new Shapefile containing only the maps of 28 cities from the city
maps of Türkiye was created through ArcGIS 10.7.1. program.
• Microsoft Excel data sheets were created including indicators data
belonging to 28 cities from the coastal information system.
• The data made with the help of Microsoft Excel following the
data entries was transferred to ArcGIS with the Join and Relates
command using the coastal city names as the common column.

271 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate