Page 327 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 3

Orhan Topal

specified requirements, analyses should be made and pre-project feasibility reports
should be prepared on the basis of the public transportation operational plannings,
location to deploy the buses and capacity of the existing energy infrastructure (for
charging stations) as well as the lines to be used by electric buses.
In public transportation systems, the battery capacity and charging concept
of the preferred electric bus may vary depending on operating conditions. It
should be taken into account that the factors such as different road conditions
even in the same climate zone (or vice versa), different passenger or traffic
density may directly affect the actual operational conditions. Accordingly,
the approach has been presented by taking into account the necessary
cooling/ heating units for the power system components involved in the air
conditioning and system design of electric buses and the additional energy
consumption caused by them.
In the tenders to be made for the purchase of electric buses, based on the
different business models discussed in this study, the non-price elements to
be considered by the procurement authorities include the technical evaluation
criteria such as operations and maintenance costs, total ownership cost, unit
energy consumption (per km/per passenger), emission value (from well to
wheel or from tank to wheel), total system efficiency, quality, delivery tine,
warranty conditions etc. as well as the contract duration. Tendering authority
may include performance indicators which base on these non-price elements
in the technical specifications.
Basic theory addressed in this article is identified as the vehicle ownership
should be reviewed and the approaches that base on unit costs per km should
be focused on according to the main theme of electromobility; unlike the
traditional bus procurement tenders for public transportation enterprises.
In this respect, the total cost of ownership specific to electric buses should
definitely be taken into account by the tender authorities. It is considered that
for the innovative bus procurement methods to be introduced, it is necessary
to evaluate both the data of the public transportation enterprise and the
performance parameters of the projected electric bus effectively. In addition,
another important issue that should be taken into account regarding innovative
tender approaches for electric buses is undoubtedly the charging system for
the electric bus concepts and the required energy infrastructure elements.
In the tenders conducted in the existing public transportation systems
in Türkiye, the purchase cost of buses is taken into account more than the
costs for the operations that will be performed with these buses for years. It is
expressed that total annual operating cost of one internal combustion engine
(diesel) bus including the fuel and maintenance & repair costs corresponds to
about 29.8% of initial purchase cost (Topal and Nakir, 2018). Operating costs

312 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate