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An Exemplary Approach in The Framework of The Public Procurement
Law No. 4734 for Electric Bus Purchases by Local Governments

specific to electric buses also include energy consumption, renewal of high
voltage propulsion batteries (after a certain life cycle), maintenance & repair
costs of buses and charging stations (spare parts and labor). Moreover, in the
tenders based on the sustainable transportation approaches compatible with
100% zero emission concept, well-to-wheel efficiency should be considered
for electric buses and a turnkey solution should be offered through the
structures integrated with renewable energy systems for the charging stations
to be installed.
Finally, in accordance with total ownership cost approach to be adopted in
the tenders to be made for electric bus procurement discussed in this study,
it is also desired to draw attention to the scrapping / recycling of these buses
after the completion of their service life.
According to the public transportation system in Türkiye the high voltage
propulsion batteries, keeping in mind that the electric buses will be subjected
to replacement at least one time over its operational life time (10 years);
primary approaches should be presented for secondary usage of these high
voltage propulsion batteries for different purposes; certain requirements
should be included in the specifications of the relevant tenders regarding
the recycle of the batteries which complete their operational life by using
different methods. It is observed that the disposal of the high voltage
propulsion batteries specified in all electric bus purchase tenders conducted
by public transportation enterprises in Turkey to date and the operations to
be performed are under the responsibility of the autorites (Topal, 2019).
One of the most effective parameters in today’s modern public transportation
systems is the comfort parameter for passengers and drivers. While passenger
satisfaction is increased with the heating/cooling/ventilation, internal/external
lighting, on-board internet access and PIS/PAS systems which base on the
4
outdoor conditions; on the side of electric buses, these systems cause
reductions in the range values as well as increasing the energy consumption.
In addition, an acceptable noise level, which is another criterion for passenger
comfort, is also an important advantage element for electric buses.

4. The Proposed Tendering Model for Electric Buses

The basic requirements to be specified in the tenders to be held specifically
for electric buses correspond to the performance parameters based on the
bus design. These parameters include propulsion motor/s power/torque
values, acceleration time and braking distance, emission values (tank-to-wheel
/ well-to-wheel), maximum speed value (the speed limit of 70 km/h defined

4 Passenger information and audible announcement systems

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