Page 322 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 3

An Exemplary Approach in The Framework of The Public Procurement
Law No. 4734 for Electric Bus Purchases by Local Governments

On the other hand, according to the amendment on the regulation in the
Public Procurement Law which entered into force by being published in Official
Gazette in 2016; it is necessary to receive offers and make the contracts only in
Turkish Lira in the tenders in the scope of Public Procurement Law No. 4734.
This issue also makes it obligatory to accept bids and sign contracts in Turkish
Lira for contracts to be drawn up within the framework of the business models
used for electric bus procurements being discussed on this study. This situation
also makes the procurement of electric buses difficult for both manufacturers/
suppliers and public/private buyers due to the impact of the economic
conditions experienced. It also causes additional financial costs, especially for
electric bus procurement tenders on which long-term payments are based.
Regarding the local governments engaging in public transportation
activities in Türkiye, public transportation authorities, operators (in-house
or private), business managers, bus suppliers/manufacturers and financial
institutions (banks) can be regarded as the main stakeholders in the business
models which base on innovative approaches in electric bus procurement
processes. Moreover, it also depends on the fleet ownership, funding provider,
performing the operation and maintenance & repair activities for certain tasks
/ responsibilities specified on the basis of activities conducted within business
models. In line with these aspects, the business models applied according
to the changing roles and responsibilities shared by the stakeholder/s to be
defined for public transportation systems are given in detail in Figure 1 below.

Toplu Ulaşım
-Ownership of the Bus Fleet (Possessions)
-Ownership/Leasing of the Bus Fleet (Possessions)
Public Transportation - Otobüs (Mülkiyetlerinin) Filosu Sahipliği - Otobüs (Mülkiyetlerinin) Filosunun Sahipliği/ Kiralanması
Otoritesi
-Provision of Funding from Equity Capital
-Provision of Funding from Equity Capital
Authority - Öz kaynaklı Finans Sağlanması - Öz kaynaklı Finans Sağlanması
- Operasyonel İşletme
-Operational Business
Operatör
Operator - Otobüslerin Bakım & Onarım Faaliyetleri
-Maintenance & Repair Activities of Buses
- Otobüs (Mülkiyetlerinin) Filosunun Sahipliği
- Operasyonel İşletme -Ownership of the Bus Fleet (Possessions) - Operasyonel İşletme
-Operational Business
-Operational Business
- Operasyonel
- Operasyonel İşletme
İşletmeci
Business - Otobüslerin Bakım & Onarım -Operational Business - Otobüslerin Bakım & -Operational
İşletme
-Maintenance & Repair
-Maintenance & Repair
Faaliyetleri -Maintenance & Repair Activities of Buses Onarım Faaliyetleri Business
Activities of Buses
- Otobüslerin Bakım & Onarım Faaliyetleri
Activities of Buses
Otobüs Üreticisi / - Otobüs (Mülkiyetlerinin) Filosunun Sahipliği/ Kiralanması - Otobüs (Mülkiyetlerinin) Filosunun Sahipliği/ Kiralanması
Bus Manufacturer
-Ownership/Leasing of the Bus Fleet (Possessions)
-Ownership/Leasing of the Bus Fleet (Possessions)
Tedarikçisi
/ Supplier - Otobüslerin Bakım & Onarım Faaliyetleri
-Maintenance & Repair Activities of Buses
Finans Kuruluşu - Dış Kaynak Sağlanması
Financial Institution
-Outsourcing
Figure 1. Stakeholders and their responsibilities according to
business models in the public transportation system
The local governments where public transportation services are carried out
across Türkiye have both the role of authority and operator. In particular, IETT,
EGO and ESHOT General Directorates affiliated to Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir
Metropolitan Municipalities are public institutions established by private law,
where these activities are carried out directly. Public transportation services
which are mostly performed by municipalities in Türkiye by using public
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