Page 43 - 7. State Of Environment Report Of Türkiye

Economic factors lie at the root of the relationship between population and environment. As
in all countries, economic, social, cultural, geographical, demographic and political reasons are
among the main causes of internal migration in Türkiye.

Although Türkiye’s population has been increasing continuously, there has been a decline in
the population growth rate since the 1990s. In the 2019-2023 period, there is an average annual
population growth rate of 0.66%.

Table 2 Population Growth Rate in Türkiye (TURKSTAT, 2024)

YEARS 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
Population Growth Rate (%) 0.55 1.27 0.71 0.11

Table 3 City (City/District Centres) and Village (Town/Villages) Population in Türkiye (TURKSTAT, 2024)

CITY VILLAGE
2019 77,151,280 6,003,717
2020 77,736,041 5,878,321

2021 78,908,631 5,771,642
2022 79,613,279 5,666,274

2023 79,399,292 5,973,085

4. Natural Resources

4.1. Oil

By the end of 2022, oil reserves in Türkiye’s onshore areas were recorded as 507 million barrels.
As of the end of May 2023, within the scope of the studies carried out following the oil discovery
with the Şehit Esma Çevik-1 (SEÇ-1) exploration well drilled by TPAO on 10 May 2021 within the
borders of Şırnak province, daily oil production exceeded 10 thousand v/g in 9 wells that were
put into production in the Şehit Esma Çevik Field.

The most recent development in 2023 was the discovery of oil with a gravity of 41 o API in the
Şehit Aybüke Yalçın-1 exploration well located 7 km north-east of the Şehit Esma Çevik Field, 20
km north-west of Cizre. This discovery is the largest ever made onshore in Türkiye and the initial
production level from the well is 1,200 v/g (TPAO Sector Report, 2022).

With the rapid growth of the economy and industry, Türkiye’s demand for petroleum products
is constantly increasing. In 2021-2022, 72 v/g of crude oil was produced while 672 v/g of crude oil
was imported. In the same period, 208 v/g processed petroleum products were imported.

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