Page 41 - 7. State Of Environment Report Of Türkiye

hern, eastern and southeastern parts. The highest point of Türkiye is Mount Ağrı, while the main
plains are Çukurova, Konya Plain and Harran plains. Mountains of Türkiye: Mount Ağrı (5,137 m),
Glacier (Cilo) Mountain (4,116 m), Mount Cudi (2,089 m), Mount Süphan (4,058 m), Mount Kaçkar
(3,932 m), Mount Erciyes (3,917 m), Mount Uludağ (2,543 m).
Rivers of Türkiye: The longest river with its source and the place where it flows into the sea wit-
hin the borders of the country is the Kızılırmak, which is 1,355 kilometres long. Other rivers are
Yeşilırmak (418 km), Sakarya (824 km), Fırat (2,800 km), Dicle (1,900 km), Büyük Menderes (584
km), Seyhan (560 km), Ceyhan (509 km), Meriç (590 km), Küçük Menderes (450 km), Göksu and
Çoruh.

Natural lakes: Türkiye’s largest natural lake is Lake Van, covering an area of 3,713 km . Spread over
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an area of 817 km , Lake Atatürk Dam is the largest artificial lake in the country. Lake Van 3,713
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km , Lake Tuz 1,500 km , Lake Beyşehir 656 km , Lake Eğridir 468 km , Lake Akşehir 353 km , Lake
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Iznik 298 km , Lake Burdur, Lake Salda, Lake Eymir.
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Islands: The area of Gökçeada, the largest island of Türkiye, is 279 km . The area of other large is-
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lands is as follows: Balıkesir Marmara Island 117 km , Bozcaada 36 km , Uzunada 25 km , Balıkesir
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Alibey Island 23 km , Balıkesir Paşalimanı Island 21 km , Balıkesir Avşa Island 21 km .
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2. Climate
Türkiye is located between the temperate zone and the semi-tropical zone. The fact that
Türkiye is surrounded by seas on three sides, the extension of the mountains and the
diversity of landforms have led to the emergence of climate types with different characteristics.
In the coastal regions of Türkiye, milder climate characteristics are observed with the effect of
the seas. The Northern Anatolian Mountains and Taurus Mountain Range prevent the sea effe-
cts from entering the interior. Therefore, continental climate characteristics are observed in the
interior of Türkiye.

Map 2 Climate of Türkiye according to Köppen-Trewartha Climate Classification (General Directorate of Meteorology,
2020)

BS- Semi-Arid-Steppe Climate
Cf- Subtropical Humid Climate
Cs-Subtropical Dry Summer Climate Mediterrenian Climate
Dc-Terrestrial Temperate Climate
Do-Marine Temperate Climate

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