Page 159 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 4

Orhan İNCE - H. Abdullah UÇAN et al.

level rise, flooding of ports, docks, depots, relocation and repair of facilities.
When considered in this context, macro and micro analyses are needed
on possible extreme temperatures through a political glass that takes the
advantage of technology.
Examining the study results, it is seen that temperature, precipitation and
climate index changes are at a critical level. According to the SSP 585 scenario
in the Lang index, arid areas will be dominant in 96% of the area as of the year
2100. In the study conducted by Koç (2021) in Bolu province, it is estimated
that arid areas will increase to 30.41% in 2070 according to the Lang index in
the RCP 85 scenario. As for the classification made in Iraq according to the
Lang index, it is stated that the arid areas had a share of 95.48% in the period
between 1998 and 2015 (Al-Zamili and Al-Lami, 2018). This finding indicates
a dramatic increase instead of an extreme change as if the entire area will be
arid. According to the Lang index classification, the term “desert” (between
0-20), which is not included in other indices, constitutes the most critical level
in the emergence of this situation.
According to the Emberger index, it is observed that semi-arid areas, which
currently constitute a limited part of the area, will dominate the area in 2080
according to SSP 585, and arid areas will begin to form in 2100. Elfanne et
al. (2022) made a climate classification in El Ganzra region of Morocco and
calculated it as 44.15, defining the area as semi-arid today. These findings
obtained in past studies support the model results.
Drought, which is modeled to increase significantly in the study area, is
an important environmental problem that poses potential risks for people in
many parts of the world (Huang et al., 2016). The observed records estimate
that the global arid areas expanded by about 4-8% in the twentieth century
and accounted for about 40% of the global land surface (Schlaepfer et al.,
2017). Urbanisation, which is at the center of mitigation measures against the
drought tendency and faces the most critical task of today, needs an efficient
and integrated approach to the impacts of climate change today. In the
process of decision-making and implementation management, taking into
account cooperative development based on culture, politics and other social
and political factors will help to implement adaptive action planning. Market
processes should not leave environmental concerns as well as the access to
fair and safe land in the background. Strategies should be developed for the
planning of safe urban environments that are not dangerous and have a high
quality of life by protecting the ecosystem and vulnerable areas.
Spatial planning should respond to concerns such as measures for
building stock, development of infrastructure systems, disaster risk reduction,
effective water management and developing tools for all segments of

148 The Journal of Environment, Urban and Climate