Page 252 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 3

Evaluation of Surface Runoff Risk in The Frame of Landscape Pattern:
The Case of Kastamonu Central District

Although shrubs and herbaceous plants (32000) ranked third in spatial
terms, it was found less than the NP arable areas class. Finding the AI value as
94.27% and the ENN_AM value as 121.29 m indicates that patches of the class
are close to each other and aggregated. Based on these indicators, it can be
said that shrubs and herbaceous plant areas exhibit an integrated structure.
The fact that the LSI value is also far from 1 shows that the units belonging to
the class form a qualified edge structure. Having a qualified maqui tissue (can
be defined as pseudo-maqui according to the species in the region) grown
with the forests is pleasing in terms of habitat diversity.
It is seen that the pastures (23000) also have a significant weight in the
research area. This class is represented by an area of 13,559.69 ha. The NP
value is high, while the LPI value is low. This shows that a large number of
pastures are distributed over the area with an average distance of 107.26
meters (ENN_AM). The high LSI value also shows promise regarding the
quality of the edge structure of the units belonging to this class.
Another indicator that attracted attention to the landscape pattern of the
research area was related to water surfaces. Finding the ENN_AM value as
2,023.70 meters show that the 109 patches (NP) belonging to the class are
located at quite far distances from each other. The existence and nature of
water bodies, which play a vital role on the quality of ecosystems, emerges
as an issue to be dealt with substantial importance. Especially in the Western
Black Sea Region, where precipitation water management is very important, it
should be handled with great care.

Conclusion
Kastamonu province experienced consecutive disasters in the recent past
due to exceeding the water holding capacity of the basins after extreme rains
and increasing of the surface runoff. This issue became a priority with the
floods mostly affected the Bozkurt district in August 2021, followed by the
floods in İnebolu, Azdavay districts in June 2022.
In this research, the relationships between the risk of surface runoff and
landscape pattern were discussed on the case of Kastamonu Central district.
This approach has guided the interpretation of cause-effect relationships and
reaching sustainable landscape planning and management decisions.
The criteria included in the analysis to evaluate the risk of surface runoff
have been considered in a structure that will contain the relevant ecological
components. The findings from the risk analysis were interpreted by associating
them with LU/LC classes and it was found that areas, among these classes,
covered with vegetation, especially forests, shrubs, and arable land play
important roles in reducing the risk factor. The results of the pattern analysis

Year 2 / Issue 3 / January 2023 237