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Gül Aslı Aksu

applied to the mentioned classes allowed the interpretation of characteristics
such as the shape, size and spatial arrangements of the classes. As a conclusion,
proposals put forward regarding the sustainable development are listed as
the following:
• Surface runoff risk analysis based on AHP, which was performed by
interpreting together the indicator criteria related to the research
subject, has shown that qualified forest areas, in particular, plays an
important role in reducing the risk level. Besides the fact that the forest
areas and their attributes exhibits a holistic structure in the research
area reduces the risk factor, it is also extremely important for the
sustainability of habitat and species quality.
• Spatial neighboring relations between different LU/LC classes
constitute critical boundaries. Thus, the planning for these transition
zones should be handled with great care.
• In the research area, agricultural lands are generally concentrated
around the lower basin runoff routes. Due to this location, the LU/LC
classes that establish neighbors with arable lands at higher altitudes
should be managed with the priority of slowing / preventing surface
runoff. Although the surface runoff risk was found at lower-medium
levels in these regions, they are the areas facing flood risk. The same
location and risk applies to residential areas that are close to flow beds.
For this reason, it may be recommended to take precautions against
the flood risk in these areas.
• In the research area, residential areas and classes including artificial
surfaces related to them did not have a weight in terms of landscape
percentage, so they did not come to the fore for managing the risk
of surface runoff in this research. In large cities such as Istanbul,
where artificial surfaces dominate areas covered with vegetation, the
relationship of residential areas with surface runoff should be considered
more specifically. On the other hand, the presence and dominance
of vegetation-covered surfaces in the research area revealed that
strategies should gain weight in this direction.
• Landscape pattern has been used as an indicator in the evaluation of an
important function such as the risk of surface runoff. Such combinations
based on criteria can be used to evaluate urban landscapes from many
different aspects.

238 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate