Page 243 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 2

Zerrin Toprak Karaman - Özlem Çakır - Meriç Aziz Berge

that there is an emphasis on awareness studies concerning building designs
as well as outdoor areas such as agricultural areas. The issue of winds has a
characteristic that is certainly closely related to fires as well.

2. Converting Meteorological Data to Information and Life Quality

Meteorology has emerged as a field of science investigating weather
conditions. Today, the development of meteorological data, a part of our daily
lives, should be discussed along with the technological development. Türkiye
2
follows the latest scientific developments as well. On November 13, 1975, with
the cabinet decree numbered 7/1890, Türkiye became one of the first official
members of The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
ECMWF, an independent international organization founded Reading in
London, England in 1975. The Center operates one of the biggest computer
complexes in Europe, and the biggest numerical weather prediction data
archive in the world. ECMWF was planned to have its center in Reading (UK)
and the data center in Bologna (Italy). To promote cooperation across Europe
further, in 2026, the new and permanent offices of ECMWF are expected to
open and to contribute to the meteorological studies (ECMWF, 2021). As is
seen, studies of instantaneous exploration of the sky are being developed
institutionally and scientifically.
The meteorological data is prepared comprehensively as if to be
presented in an expert evaluation meeting, and shared with societies within
global networks (local people, specific groups, farmers, private sectors, etc.)
through “hourly weather forecasts". In the 1980s in Türkiye, the reports
3

2 The discovery of barometer and atmospheric pressure by the Italian physicist and mathema-
tician Toricelli (1608-1647) in 1643 was an important step in the history of Meteorology. English
mathematician, physicist, meteorologist and psychologist Lewis Fry Richardson (1881-1953) im-
proved numerical weather prediction further, culminating in the notable scientific leap with the
report “Weather Prediction by Numerical Process” published in 1922. American meteorologist
Jule Charney (1917- 1981) was able to predict weather forecast for 24 hours about North America
using computer technology in 1950, which started regular weather forecasts with the help of com-
puters. French Fransız Pierre Idrac (1885-1935) and Robert Bureau (1892-1965), were the first pe-
ople to develop radiosonde in 1929, while the Russian scientist and meteorologist who invented
the Russian radiosonde in 1930, Pavel Alexandrovich Molchanov (1893-1941) was able to develop
a device that collected and broadcasted information on weather conditions at different levels of
the atmosphere. The inventions of Ravinsonde observers and radiosonde are also considered
giant leaps in history of meteorology
3 In the 1980s, weather forecast was shared with public only through TRT TV and Radio channels
(the national TV and radio channels). On TRT Radio, after 07:30 news, the first weather forecast of
the day was broadcast. At 13:00, noon weather forecast was reported, and following the news at
19:00, the evening weather forecasts was shared. On TV, after 19:00 the weather forecast for the
following day was shared, The communication here was provided through automatic telex.: Sey-
fullah Çelik, H. Yüksel Özalp, Aziz Deniz, Weather Forecast Reports and TV: http://www1.mgm.
gov.tr/FILES/genel/ makale/tv-raporlar.pdf erişim 14.05.2021

229 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate