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Global Problem: Climate Change

(OECD, 2020). For this reason, Türkiye should have been excluded from the
margins of UNFCCC. Yet, it seems obvious that historical responsibilities have
changed a great deal since 1992, the year the UNFCCC was signed. However,
the 10 countries with the highest levels of emissions are still not included in
Annex-1. Additionally, although the reason for the inclusion of Türkiye in the
Annexes was the fact that it is an OECD country, four countries which became
a member of the OECD are still not included in Annex-1. Furthermore, the
nine of the G-20 countries which represent the biggest economies in the
world are not included in Annex-1 list (UNFCCC, 2020a,b). The reason for
Türkiye’s search for justice in the ongoing climate negotiations is this picture.
Although becoming signatory country of the Kyoto Protocol as of 2009,
Türkiye is a country without a commitment of greenhouse gas emission
mitigation in the 1st (2008-2012) and 2nd (2013-2020) Commitment Periods.
However, as a UNFCCC Annex-1 country, Türkiye is obliged to develop and
implement policies towards fight against climate change, as well as report
data on existing greenhouse gas emissions to UNFCCC.

In the COP16 held in Cancun, Mexico in 2010, the special conditions of
Türkiye were renewed, and it was suggested that Türkiye is a country eligible
for financial aid in terms of climate change, for preparation, coastal region
management, water resources, agriculture, desertification and floodings. As
part of the decision numbered 1/CP.16, it was decided to support Türkiye
in terms of finance, technology, and capacity development, to allow it to
implement UNFCCC better (UNFCCC, 2010).
In the COP17 held in Durban, South Africa in 2011, the special conditions
of Türkiye were admitted, and with the decision numbered 2/CP.17, it was
decided to continue work on the support that Türkiye gets concerning
mitigation, adaptation, technology development, technology transfer and
capacity (UNFCCC, 2011).
In the COP18 held in Doha, Qatar in 2012, with the decision numbered
1/CP.18, the importance of the decisions taken above was emphasized
once again, and the Annex-2 countries were called to aid Türkiye, which
is an Annex-1 country under special conditions, through their Nationally
Determined Contributions and Low Emission Development Strategies. In the
same decision it was also decided that the UNFCCC secretariat do an analysis
on the aids Türkiye can get (UNFCCC, 2012).
In the COP20 held in Lima, Peru in 2014, with the decision numbered 21/
CP.20, the previous decisions were repeated and on behalf of Türkiye, the
opportunities offered for aiding Türkiye in mitigation, adaptation, capacity

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