Page 43 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 1

Mehmet Emin Birpınar

other hand, assumes collaboration with a voluntary basis with market as well
as non-market mechanisms. It is understood that the parties need to enable
the transfer of mitigation outcomes among themselves to meet their goals
of Nationally Determined Contributions within a holistic and transparent
framework. The reflection of the joint goal of the agreement to implementation
is solidified with the Global Condition Assessment System (Global Stocktake).
According to the system, data from parties will be collected anonymously in
a pool, and the situation at hand towards reaching a common goal will be
clearer.
This time, the contributions will be made not only among parties of
developed countries. However, developed countries will lead all parties, and
provide them with support if necessary. The financial mechanism of Paris
Agreement will be provided through the Green Climate Fund, which will be
utilized to meet the financial needs of developing nations for their mitigation
and adaptation actions.

“Türkiye” in the Face of Climate Change

A member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD), Türkiye has been included in the Annex 1 and Annex 2 of the UNFCCC.
This means being obliged to provide financial, technological, and technical
aid to countries outside the Annexes, including China, Singapore, South
Korea, India, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Argentina, as well as other oil-rich
Gulf countries. Additionally, this means undertaking restriction and mitigation
commitments that require sacrifice from economic growth. However, the
exclusion from the Annex requires consent of all parties, which is an arduous
process.
Through the steps taken, in our country was excluded from the Annex-2 in
accordance with the decision numbered 26/CP.7 during the 7th Conference
5
of the Parties” (COP7) held in Marrakesh in 2001. This is the reason why
Türkiye refrained from becoming a party of UNFCCC until 2004, when it finally
became one.
However, although the special conditions of our country were admitted,
Türkiye still remains in Annex-1. Actually, in terms of global greenhouse gas
emissions, based on the data from Global Carbon Project (Ritchie, H. and
Roser, M., 2020b), Türkiye has a relatively low level of historical responsibility
with a percentage of 0,00064. Türkiye is a developing country with one of the
lowest greenhouse gas emission rates per person among OECD countries

5 The decision for Türkiye’s exclusion from Annex-2, https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/iklim/editor-
dosya/26-CP_7_sayili_karar.pdf

28 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate,