Page 74 - Çevre Şehir ve İklim Dergisi İngilizce - Özel Sayı

The Establishment of New Carbon Sink Areas in Non-Forest Lands and
Carbon Farming in the Process of Climate Change Adaptation

Urbanisation and Climate Change. Thus, sustainable soil management (SSM)
technologies will be developed and CSAs will be established on degraded
lands. This will strengthen the role of Türkiye in international carbon markets.
This study assesses how CF can be structured in the context of SLM and its
potential to reduce land degradation. In this respect, it is one of the primary
objectives to increase living biomass in major types of land use, ensuring
the sustainability of ecosystem services and improving the resilience of soils
against external factors.
This article discusses the importance of the concept of CF in the context of climate
change and its relationship with SLM, and aims to provide recommendations
suitable for the conditions of Türkiye by analysing carbon project design,
certification and crediting processes. In addition, the recommendations on how
CF projects can improve ecosystem services are also offered in this study.

2. Climate Change and Sustainable Land Management

One of the most important reasons of climate change is the disruption of
the carbon cycle in nature as a consequence of human activities. Carbon exists
in gaseous (carbon dioxide (CO2), methane) and solid (organic compounds)
forms in nature. Carbon monoxide (CO) is converted into solid carbon in
plants through photosynthesis and stored in the form of glucose. However,
the combustion of fossil fuels leads to release of a large amount of CO2 into
the atmosphere and this amount is increasing gradually.
The photosynthesis process converts CO2 from the atmosphere into above-
and below-ground biomass, dead wood and organic soil carbon. This process
plays important role in combating climate change and the economic evaluation
of this conversion is based on various parameters (rotation period, interest
rate, biomass amount and area) (Figure 1).
Above-ground living
biomasswoodcovercarbon
Living biomass
Below-ground living biomass

Dead woodcovercarbon
Dead organic matter
Dead covercarbon

Soil Soil organic carbon

Figure 1. The Carbon Pools Envisaged in Land Use, Land-Use Change and
Forestry (LULUCF) Guidance (LULUCF, 2017).

61
Special Issue / 2024