Page 78 - Çevre Şehir ve İklim Dergisi İngilizce - Özel Sayı

The Establishment of New Carbon Sink Areas in Non-Forest Lands and
Carbon Farming in the Process of Climate Change Adaptation

Thus, under the sub-components such as ‘climate-friendly forestry’,
‘climate-friendly agriculture’, ‘climate-friendly cities’, it can be ensured that
these areas are switched to negative emissions and the carbon sink capacity
in these areas is increased.

CF Challenges and Limitations

Nonetheless, CF also faces some challenges and limitations: (COWI,
Ecologic Institute and IEEP, 2021).
1. There are uncertainties in financial support and incentives for projects,
which creates risks for investors.
2. The fact that it is difficult to obtain seedling materials of the desired
quality and standards may make it difficult to realise the projects.
3. The costs of carbon certification, auditing and reporting processes are
likely to be high.
4. There may be difficulties in the application of reliability criteria in
carbon calculation and verification processes.
5. The difficulties in ensuring the permanence of carbon impacts could
threaten the long-term sustainability of carbon farming.
6. Lack of technical advisory support may also hamper the effective
implementation of CF projects.
Considering all these challenges, the successful implementation of CF
projects requires comprehensive planning and management.

3.2. CF Project Designing Processes

Four main types of carbon farming projects can be implemented on treasure
lands to create new CSAs within the scope of sustainable land management:
1. Agroforestry Systems: Versatile ecosystem services, carbon
sequestration and biodiversity are supported by using trees, shrubs
and herbaceous plants in different patterns.
2. Sustainable Soil Management Project: These are the projects intending
to increase carbon storage in soil through agricultural practices and
meadow-pasture plantations.
3. Afforestation/Reforestation Projects: Carbon sequestration is achieved
by planting new trees on uncultivated lands and reforestation of
degraded forest areas.
4. Forest Conservation Projects (REDD+): Carbon emissions are reduced
by preventing deforestation through the conservation and sustainable
management of existing forests.

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Special Issue / 2024