Page 89 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 4

Aslı Ulubaş Hamurcu

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calculations. This study, covering the years 2014-2021 , is significant because it
provides a brief framework about the important metropolitan cities in Türkiye.
As is known, the top five metropolitan cities in terms of population in Türkiye
are İstanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Bursa and Antalya, respectively. Although Izmir
and Antalya are not included in the study, it is important in terms of providing
a comprehensive assessment of situation for the last 9 years, especially for
İstanbul and Ankara, and for the years 2014-2017 for Bursa.
In the evaluation conducted based on 96 indicators and 174 cities in 2019,
İstanbul ranked 118th (CIMI=45.85) and Ankara ranked 135th (CIMI=39.61).
(IESE Business School University of Navarra Center for Globalization and
Strategy, 2019). It is noteworthy that, compared to the previous year, İstanbul
has shown a falling tendency in general in all dimensions and experienced
a serious loss, especially in social cohesion and governance. In the case of
Ankara, the decline in the economy is one of the most striking indicators.
There is also a serious decline in other dimensions. In 2020, the number of
indicators increased to 101, but the number of cities remained constant. In this
evaluation, İstanbul ranks 129th (CIMI=43.03) and Ankara 136th (CIMI=40.56)
(IESE Business School University of Navarra Center for Globalization and
Strategy, 2020). In 2020, it was determined that İstanbul highlighted its potential
in terms of international outreach, but regressed at a critical rate in terms of
social cohesion. This decline is followed by the dimensions of environment,
economy and human capital. It is noteworthy that Ankara continues to decline
in general in all dimensions. The most important of these dimensions are
economy, international outreach and environment. Finally, in the evaluation
performed for 112 indicators and 183 cities in 2022, İstanbul ranked 92nd
(CIMI=52.00) and Ankara ranked 123rd (CIMI=41.44) (IESE Business School
University of Navarra Center for Globalization and Strategy, 2022). Generally,
it is seen that İstanbul is on a rapid rise in 2022. It is noteworthy that it is far
ahead of Berlin, which ranks 5th in the overall ranking, especially in terms
of international outreach. On the other hand, social cohesion, mobility-
transportation, environment and technology are still important problematic
areas. In Ankara, it is critical to note that mobility-transportation is the only
dimension where progress has been made, while international outreach,
technology, urban planning and social cohesion have regressed.
Considering the steps taken in both smart urbanism and sustainability issues
at a national scale, the fact that the two leading metropolitan cities in Türkiye
are left behind in the CIMI ranking is important for making an international
comparison and determining the current progress/situation there. Particularly

1 There is no evaluation for 2021. Considering that the 2020-2023 National Smart Cities Strategy
and Action Plan (NSCSAP) came into force in 2019 in Türkiye, the CIMI values after this date have
been highlighted.

78 The Journal of Environment, Urban and Climate