Page 332 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 4

A Systematic Review of the Urban Heat Island Effect:
Urban Form, Landscape and Planning Strategies

Since the urban heat island causes significant changes in the local climate,
there are very diverse consequences of urban heat island density on a local scale
(Santamouris vd., 2007). Negative effects generally occur during the summer
periods, on dry days. Due to this situation, urban activities are decreasing
while energy consumption is increasing. The urban heat island also affects the
thermal comfort of people in urban areas, causing many health problems such
as asthma, fatigue, high blood pressure, heart diseases (Buchin et al., 2016).
In cities in cold climate regions, it has been found that there are also positive
aspects of the urban heat island in contrast to these negative effects. Longer
periods of absence of freezing and icing in the cities located in these regions,
especially during the winter periods, and the shortening of the snow cover
period allow crops to be grown for a longer time. This situation also provides
a great benefit to people, especially from an economic point of view (Roth et
al., 2013; Unger et al., 2014).
It is important to fully understand the impact of the urban heat island in
terms of predicting the future climate conditions of cities. Deterioration of
indoor and outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas, greenhouse gas emissions,
increased humidity, precipitation rates that cause storms and floods, and
changes in the ecosystem are all part of the negative situations that arise as
a result of urban heat island (Sailor and Fan, 2002; Sarrat et al., 2006; Mirzaei
and Haghighat, 2010; Santamouris, 2015; Santamouris, 2016; Yin et al., 2016;
Livesley et al., 2016; Sachindra et al., 2016; Antoszewski et al., 2020).
In addition to all these effects, it is important to determine the urban heat
island effect today in order to be able to overcome the climate change process
with minimal damage and to ensure sustainable urban development without
compromising the quality of life of people (Tzavali et al. 2015; Filho et al., 2021).

2. Method
In the study, a systematic review was conducted on the literature on various
planning strategies aimed at reducing urban heat island formation within the
framework of sustainable urban development. Articles from Web of Science,
Scopus, Wiley, Scidirect, Springer Link and Sage online databases, studies
from scientific report examining the relationship between urbanization, urban
form, landscape, architectural design, albedo parameters and urban heat
island were determined.
The aspect of urban heat island is a multidimensional and complex
phenomenon on a global scale. For this reason, a selection was made in
accordance with the parameters determined for the scope of the study, and
the planning strategies created in accordance with these parameters were
addressed.

Year 2 / Issue 4 / July 2023 321