Page 334 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 4

A Systematic Review of the Urban Heat Island Effect:
Urban Form, Landscape and Planning Strategies

Gunawardena et al., 2017). In addition to all these factors, the relationship
between urbanization and urban heat island varies depending particularly on
daily, seasonal, climatic and urban factors. Due to the fact that each city has
its own unique characteristics, the urban heat island effect is different in each
city (Yang et al., 2017; Huang and Wang, 2019).
The increase in the built environment and population ratio, combined with
its impacts on different scales such as energy consumption, economy, carbon
or air pollutant emissions, lead to radical changes in the physical and socio-
economic characteristics of cities (Chun and Guldmann, 2014; Li et al., 2018; Bai
et al., 2019). In this process of change, interaction between the level of urban
development, the heat island and the urban form plays an important role.
Especially since the chaos in developed cities results in an increase in more
traffic flows, pollutant emission rates also grow (Bettencourt and West, 2010;
Deng and Wu, 2013; Jurus et al., 2016; Yuan et al., 2018). On the contrary, by
making improvements in the industrial field, it is possible to increase the light
intensity at night and thus provide less heat emissions (Khan and Chatterjee,
2016; Takebayashi and Senoo, 2018).

4. Planning Strategies for Reducing the Urban Heat Island Effect

Today, cities are in the process of fighting against the negative effects of
climate change. This fighting process has an important role in improving
people’s quality of life and ensuring a sustainable urban development (Alusi
et al., 2011; Folke, 2011; Santamouris, 2014; Lai et al., 2019; Khare et al.,
2021). Based on the prediction that urbanization and population growth will
continue, the urban transformation carried out for creating solutions to urban
problems, especially in areas with highly unplanned constructions, aims to
find permanent solutions to the physical, environmental, social and economic
problems of the area that has undergone a change. The practices made within
this scope in the climate change process also contribute to the formation of
healthy living spaces and improving the quality of life of people (Thomas,
2003; Keles, 2004; Öztürk et al., 2020). In order to make cities more resilient to
both short-term and long-term urban heat island effects of climate change,
it is necessary to develop adaptation and mitigation policies for urban
structure, architectural features and urban planning of living spaces within the
framework of sustainability (Masson et al., 2014; Filho et al., 2018; Filho et al.,
2021). Nature-based solutions are of great importance among these policies.
Within the framework of sustainability, factors such as green infrastructure and
thermal properties of materials used in buildings come to the fore (Figure 2).

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