Page 277 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 3

Cihan Erçetin

When the modal distribution of the city is examined, 30% of whole urban
trips are made by private vehicle, 28% by bicycle, 21% by public transport, 21%
by walking. Considering the modal distribution by urban trips for educational
purposes, it is seen that rate of bicycle use is 44%. In other words, almost half
of the trips to and from school are made by bicycle. It is aimed to realise 50%
of trips in the city to work and school by bicycles by the year 2025 (Heinrich
Böll Stiftung, 2021).

• Munich
Today, Munich features as one of the most important bicycle-friendly cities
in Germany. In the 1950s and 1960s, due to the vehicle-oriented policies and
resulting the protests, the local government began to develop ideas for new
solutions. Important steps were taken for the development and adoption of
bicycle transportation starting from the 1970s with the cooperation of the
public and private sectors (Bruhèze and Oldenziel, 2018). As a first step of
planned development, the Traffic Development Plan for Cycling was launched
in 1986 and constantly updated taking into account the requirements. After the
local elections in 1996, the development of cycling became one of the primary
goals of the local government. However, this development did not completely
become an urban transport policy priority until 2007, and then the mayor
adopted as a strategy the target of making Munich the most bicycle-friendly
city in Germany, and increasing the rate of cycling in the modal distribution.
In 2009, the Munich city council implemented a cycling strategy with the goal
of increasing the share of cycling in the modal distribution in Munich to 17%
by 2015, taking measures such as the construction of bicycle parking spaces.
Between 1992 and 2009, the Municipality of Munich spent about 33 million
Euros on the development and promotion of cycling (Landeshauptstadt
München, 2007). Bicycle sharing systems, which are one of the most important
elements of cycling in Munich, were also established in a German city for the
first time in 2001 with 1050 bicycles. At the same time, a municipal unit of
the city was assigned to organize bicycle dissemination campaigns since 2010
(Lanzendorf and Busch-Geertsema, 2014). Figure 4 shows the distribution of
cycling routes in Munich.

262 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate