Page 278 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 3

Environmental Sustainability and Cycling as a
Transport Mode: Best Practices

Figure 4. Cycling Routes in Munich (Google, 2022c)
When the modal distribution of trips in Munich is examined, it is seen that
the cycling takes an important place. 34% of the whole trips in the city is made
by private vehicles, 18% by bicycle, 24% by public transportation and 24% by
walking (MCube and TUM, 2021).

• Paris
Although Paris is a European city that is not perceived as bicycle-friendly
at first glance, it is the most prominent city in Europe in terms of effective
management and use of bicycle sharing systems, which are one of the most
important parts of cycling It is addressed in the scope of this study due to its
emphasis on bicycle sharing systems.
In Paris, having a tradition of motor vehicle oriented urban transportation, a
total budget of 150 million Euros were allocated for doubling the cycling route
infrastructure in their sustainable urban mobility policies which evolved after
the local elections in 2014. People tended towards cycling instead of crowded
public transportation with the global pandemic period in 2019. In order to
support this, the local government launched the transformation of a 50 km

1
pop-up bike lane in the city (Harrap, 2021). When the modal distribution of
urban trips in Paris is examined 25% of whole urban trips are made by private
vehicle, 2% by bicycle, 25% by public transport, 46% by walking (Deloitte,
2019a). Figure 5 shows the distribution of cycling routes in Paris.

1Pop-up bike lane is the transformation of some road lanes into cycling lanes with separators in
the city, as people moved away from crowded public transportation and raised the demands for
individual transportation in Covid-19 pandemics.

Year 2 / Issue 3 / January 2023 263