Page 46 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 2

Nature Based Solutions And Urban Resilience

Natural infrastructures that operate well can mitigate flood risks. In order
to render existing green areas urban infrastructures and superstructures
compatible with the climate, natural processes and nature-based solutions
should be utilized for water preservation and capture. This will increase the
resilience and adaptation capacity of all living beings and systems that depend
on water. As in the case of sponge city approach, with nature-based solutions,
the hydrological network making up blue infrastructure (the dried out and
constantly water capturing river corridors, lakes, ponds, wetlands etc.) should
be revived. Additionally, water flow can be regulated through forming rainwater
facilities such as water capture and storage areas in accordance with the
topographical structure, terraces, rain gardens, rain swales, artificial wetlands,
and permeable surfaces. This will allow water to be absorbed and filtered by
the soil, supply groundwater, and regulate water cycle, which will contribute to
water management, as well as the prevention of floods and droughts.
Practices that increase tree canopy will considerably decrease high
temperatures and the effects of heath waves in addition to improving air quality
and increasing biodiversity. A high proportion of blue-green infrastructure
involving nature-based solutions in the cities (natural infrastructure) and its
homogenous distribution will reduce risk scale.

5. Microbasin / Solutions at the Neighborhood Scale

Instead of evaluating the city based on the neighborhoods
defining the executive borders of its sub units, it should be evaluated at the scale
of microbasins defining its natural borders. This will allow the potential rainwater
volume in these places in rainy seasons based on the precipitation intensity and
period to be calculated. This makes it possible to develop the most optimal local
solutions to handle nature-based solutions with a holistic
approach, regulate water flow, capture surface runoff,
maintain sustainable precipitation water management
and prevent city floods (Figure 6).
NBS at the Building Scale

Figure 6: Microbasin / Nature-based solutions (NBS) at the neighborhood scale

Year 1 / Issue 2 / July 2022 32