Page 101 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 2

Burcu Hiçyılmaz - Sedat Alataş - Etem Karakaya

a share of 20%. However, if the electricity and heat (energy sector) emissions
are allocated to the final sectors, as in panel (b) of Figure 3, the industry sector
is responsible for 40% of global carbon emissions and becomes the largest
emitting sector (IEA, 2021a).

(a) energy (electricity & heat) (b) energy (electricity & heat)
separated allocated

Buildings
Industry
Transport
Energy (electricity & heat) Buildings Industry
Others
Transport Others
Figure 3: Global CO2 Emissions by Sectors (2019)
Source: IEA (2021a)

Figure 3 reveals two important observations. First of all, it explains the
reason why countries prioritize goals such as improvements in energy
efficiency and renewable energy as their mitigation policies (panel a) (Allwood
et al, 2011; Allwood et al, 2013; Aidt et al, 2017; Alataş et al, 2021a-b; Karakaya
et al, 2021). Secondly, it also shows that as the industry is an energy-intensive
sector (Figure b), it might play a critical role in the transition to a low-carbon
economy, and significantly contribute to the net-zero emissions targets. In
this regard, strategies that ignore the industrial sector emissions and heavily
prioritize energy or transport sectors’ oriented mitigation policies might
hinder decarbonization (Denis-Ryan et al, 2016; OECD/ IEA, 2017; Davis et al,
2018; Bataille et al, 2018; ME, 2019; Bataille, 2020).
Not only the development of industrial emissions from the past to the
current but also their future projections reveal why this sector plays an
important role in decarbonization. For instance, according to the IEA report,
the direct emissions from industry were 5000 MtCO2 in 2000. However, it is now
above 8000 MtCO2 in 2020. More importantly, according to the sustainable
development scenario projections for 2030 and 2070, the energy sector
emissions are estimated to achieve the net-zero target by 2070. However,
the same projection does not apply to industrial emissions (OECD/IEA, 2017;
IEA, 2020b; IEA, 2021c). In this regard, it is obvious that developing a holistic
climate and industrial strategy for the industrial sector is essential for the fight
against climate change.

87 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate