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The Current State of CCUS and its Role in Time

Currently, around 40 Mt of CO is captured and stored annually. In order
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to reach the critical objectives of Paris Agreement, this amount needs to be
increased 20 times by 2030 and 100 times by 2050. Since the "Special Report
on CCS" issued by the Intergovernmental Climate Change Panel (IPCC)
in 2005 to define the potential contributions of CCS in preventing global
warming, advances in CCUS technologies have been possible only through
limited political and financial support. Investments in CCUS technologies
make up less than 0.5% of the investment made in green energy and efficiency
technologies. (GCCSI, 2020; IEA, 2020a; IPCC, 2018; OECD/IEA, 2016).
One of the main reasons why carbon capture technologies haven't been
widely adopted yet is the complexity and cost of these operations, which
cannot be balanced with CO emission costs. As the cost of carbon capture
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almost doubles production costs, this constitutes a problem, especially for
branches of industry such as the cement sector. As technology advances, costs
decrease, and some sectors run out of currently cheaper emission mitigation
options, the contribution of CCUS emission mitigation is expected to increase
over time. The primary focus of CCUS is on increasing the installations in
existing fossil-fuel-based energy and industry facilities as well as developing
more cost-efficient CO capturing opportunities to produce green hydrogen.
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Over time, the focus of CCUS is expected to shift towards technologies
such as BECCS and DAC that release negative emissions to make up for the
emissions in other sectors that cannot be removed. In addition to the storage
of CO captured with these technologies, it is planned to be used in the
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production of synfuel for use in aviation (IEA, 2020a).
In the Sustainable Development Scenario, the contribution of CCUS to the
growth in global CO emission mitigation through the projection periods. The
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graph displaying the estimated amounts of CO captured in the years 2030,
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2050, and 2070 can be seen in Figure 5 (IEA, 2020a).

72 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate,