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potential to reduce post-disaster intervention costs. The global infrastructure
investment need by 2030 is around $90 trillion and it is of utmost importance
that new infrastructure be climate-sensitive. It was stated by the UN that
investment to resillient new infrastructure in developing countries will save
$4,2 trillion. This means that a 1-dollar investment will provide the potential to
yield a 4-dollar benefit (UN, 2021a). In this respect, not only national, but also
international sources (such as multi-lateral investment banks and international
institutions) as well as public and private sector sources should be utilized for
the fight against climate change (WEF, 2022c).

Promoting innovations to promote green transformation and employment
Providing green transportation towards climate actions is beneficial not
only for environmental reasons, but also for economic and social reasons. The
UN stated that traditional economic practices, green transformation will yield
a $26billion economic gain by 2030 compared to and provide employment for
over 65 million (UN, 2021b). Again in UN figures, through constructing energy-
efficient buildings, using renewable energy and sectoral transitioning to the
trade of electric vehicles, despite the 6million unemployment rate, it will be
possible to provide 24 million new job opportunities by 2030 (UN, 2021c).
Developing innovations towards nature-positive infrastructure designs in the
cities has great importance for climate resillience. Through planning, design
and construction practices involving innovative methods and technologies,
the pressure of urbanization practices on natural areas and resrouces can be
minimized. Moreover, these practices may offer many benefits for areas such
as heating, cooling, greenhouse gas mitigation, human and scosystem health,
and providing cost-effectiveness (WEF, 2020: 12).

Establishing a green supply chain
The approaches to traditional supply chains in the cities are also exposed
to change due to increasing competitive conditions, product demands from
consumers and increasing environmental pollution. Eco-friendly supply
chains, efficient use of natural resources and waste minimization are gaining
increasing importance, and making up green supply chain. This system
adopts an eco-friendly approach from supplier to final consumer, involving
green purchase, green production, green distribution, green packaging in
new product supplies as well as steps towards reuse practices (Güzel, 2011;
Yaprak and Doğan, 2019: 1148).
Developing circular economy
Another important strategy for mitigating demands for energy from fossil
fuels, minimizing the use of natural resources, and fighting climate change

52 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate,