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Figure 5: Geen Infrastructure in the cities (GIOC, 2021)
Green infrastructure application in the city is expected to mitigate the heat
island effect. In terms of urban disaster risk management, green infrastructure
reduces the risk of disasters such as overflow. It is also known to benefits
for rain water management, creating recreational areas in cities, supporting
urban agriculture and forestry, and thus providing food safety, creating new
carbon sink areas, land and waste management, protecting human health and
biodiversity and many more (BISE, 2022; WEF, 2022c). There are also solutions
which combine green and blue infrastructure with engineerins solutions known
as grey infrastructure, also known as hybrid solutions. Hybrid solutions helps
provide cost effectiveness in mitigating disaster risks. (Boland et al., 2021: 18).
Water Management
The negative effects of climate change impact water cycle as well. A case
in point extreme precipitation in certain regions while drought is observed in
some others. (IPCC, 2021). As there are too many impermeable surfaces in
cities, vulnerability to floods and overflows increases in regions settlements
exposed to excessive precipitation. Today in many settlements, there are
practices towards becoming a sponge city. To do so, green infrastructure
solutions (Figure 6) seem to be utilized (Pattinson, 2016).
50 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate,
