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y Compliance and Audit: TIOs holding a Green Logistics Certificate must meet certain environ-
mental performance standards and be subject to regular audits.

Among the main benefits of the By-law are the following:

y Environmental Benefits: Significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution by
reducing reliance on road transport.

y Economic Benefits: Helps reduce logistics costs and increase energy efficiency.
y Social Benefits: Reduces health problems and traffic accidents caused by air pollution.

In conclusion, the Combined Transport By-law is an important step in Türkiye’s transition to
a sustainable transport system. This By-law will contribute to Türkiye’s progress towards be-
coming a global actor in the logistics sector by providing many environmental, economic and
social benefits.
6.3. International Maritime Transport

The IMO Initial Strategy of the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) to prevent air pollution
and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from international maritime transport, which includes
establishing regulatory rules and supporting the effective implementation of these regulatory
rules around the world, and carrying out global capacity building projects to promote innovati-
on and technology transfer, was adopted in 2018.

In the First IMO Strategy, which sets out with the target of reducing total emissions by 50% by
2050 compared to 2008, the emission reduction process is designed to be carried out in three
stages as short-, medium- and long-term measures. Short-term measures include technical and
operational measures to increase energy efficiency in ships, medium term measures include a
basket of economic and technical measures such as carbon pricing and fuel standards, and long-
term measures are determined as practices to support the conversion of alternative low-car-
bon fuels. In order to reach the 2030 carbon intensity target, technical measures to increase the
energy efficiency of ships within the scope of short-term measures (Energy Efficiency Design
Index for Ships (EEDI) and Energy Efficiency Index for Existing Ships (EEXI)) and operational me-
asures to increase the energy efficiency of ships (Energy Efficiency Management Plan for Ships
(SEEMP) and Carbon Intensity Index for Ships (CII) were put into effect.

Adopted in 2018, the IMO First strategy was updated in 2023 and new more stringent targets
were set for reducing emissions. With the 2023 Strategy, it is aimed to reduce the increase in
greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport as soon as possible, to calculate emissions
with life cycle assessment and to reach net-zero emissions around 2050.

In accordance with Annex VI of the International International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), the sulphur limit in fuels used in ships has been limited to 0.5%
as of 01/01 /2020 in order to reduce air pollution from ships and these limitations have started
to be implemented all over the world and in Türkiye. In Sulphur Oxide (SO ) Emission Control
X
Areas (ECA), the sulphur content limit in fuel is applied as 0.1%.

As a result of the amendment to MARPOL Annex VI in 2022, the entire Mediterranean Sea was
designated as an Emission Control Area (ECA) for Sulphur Oxides (SO ) and Particulate Matter
x
(PM). In this context, in order to limit sulphur emissions from ships, to reduce the negative effe-
cts of air pollution on human and environment and to create a clean environment, the Ministry

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