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directly to the landfill site. Grant support has been provided to local governments since 2018 in
order for local governments to make waste management investments and fulfil their environ-
mental obligations in this sense.

Number of Waste Disposal and Recovery Facilities and Municipal Waste Statistics are published
by TURKSTAT according to the Official Statistics Programme. (https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/In-
dex.p=Atik- Istatistikleri-2022-49570)

D.1.1 Municipal and Biodegradable Waste Management

In Türkiye, it is the responsibility of the municipalities to establish, have established, operate or
have operated the waste processing facilities where municipal wastes are processed. According
to Article 11 of the Environmental Law No. 2872, Metropolitan Municipalities are obliged to es-
tablish, have established, operate or have operated municipal solid waste disposal facilities. In
Türkiye, there are 30 Metropolitan Municipalities, 51 Provincial Municipalities, 922 District Muni-
cipalities and 390 Town Municipalities, totalling 1,393 municipalities.

According to Laws No. 5216 on Metropolitan Municipalities and No. 5393 on Municipalities, local
governments are responsible for the planning, management and monitoring of waste generated
in line with the relevant legislation. Metropolitan municipalities are responsible for performing
services related to the recycling, storage and disposal of wastes and excavations, except for the
collection of wastes at the source and transporting them to the transfer station; establishing,
having established, operating or having operated or having operated for this purpose; carrying
out services related to industrial and medical wastes, establishing, having established, operating
or having operated the necessary facilities for this purpose; collecting, having collected, treating
the wastes of marine vessels and making the necessary arrangements for this purpose. District
municipalities other than metropolitan municipalities are obliged to collect domestic waste at
source and transport it to transfer stations or disposal sites.

On the other hand, municipalities in non-metropolitan areas carry out waste collection and
disposal services within the framework of union models in accordance with the Law on Local
Administration Unions dated 26/05/2005 and numbered 5355 in order to ensure that local ad-
ministrations are not technically, institutionally and financially sufficient and that waste mana-
gement systems can be carried out more effectively and financially appropriate. The number of
unions operating in this field in Türkiye is 65.

D.2. Excavation Soil, Construction and Demolition Wastes

When we look at the legal legislation in Türkiye, the determination of excavation soil and rubble
dumping areas is given to metropolitan municipalities by subparagraph (i) of Article 7 of the
Metropolitan Municipality Law No. 5216 and to municipalities by subparagraph (o) of Article
15 of the Municipal Law No. 5393. In addition, the “By-law on the Control of Excavation Soil,
Construction and Demolition Wastes”, which includes technical and administrative issues and
general rules to be complied with regarding the reduction of excavation soil and construction
and demolition wastes at the source, collection, temporary accumulation, transport, recovery,
evaluation and disposal of excavation soil and construction and demolition wastes in a way not
to harm the environment, was published in the Official Gazette dated 18 March 2004 and num-
bered 25406 and entered into force.
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