Page 215 - 7. State Of Environment Report Of Türkiye

Recyclable wastes can be reused as raw materials and waste of primary raw materials can be
avoided. Thus, there will be no need for energy-intensive activities to extract the primary raw
material and carbon emissions will be reduced by avoiding the incineration or disposal of recyc-
lable wastes in landfill sites. In addition, energy efficiency is implemented at the highest levels in
production and logistics where recycled materials are used as raw materials.
The whole of the legal legislation on the subject consists of Environmental Law No. 2872, Metro-
politan Municipality Law No. 5216, Municipal Law No. 5393, By-law on Waste Management, By-
law on Zero Waste, By-law on Landfilling of Wastes, By-law on Control of Excavation Soil, Cons-
truction and Demolition Wastes, By-law on Incineration of Wastes, By-law on General Principles
of Waste Pretreatment and Recovery Facilities, Communiqué on Waste Collection Centres, Com-
muniqué on Waste Derived Fuel, Additional Fuel and Alternative Raw Materials, Communiqué
on Composting, Communiqué on Mechanical Separation, Biodrying, Biomethanisation Facilities
and Fermented Product Management.
With the Circular No. 2003/8 issued by the former Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and
Climate Change and Forestry, municipalities that can establish regional co-operation and alter-
native integrated waste management facilities were identified throughout the province, and
rehabilitation works were initiated by closing the irregular (wild) dumping areas.
Site selection for integrated waste management facilities stands out as one of the important
problems. The presence of many local administration units in the same region makes co-ope-
ration in waste management services as in other infrastructure services compulsory. Local ad-
ministration union model practices encouraged by new legal By-laws draw attention as a stru-
cture that facilitates the realisation of environmental services at local level. Practices of unions
established jointly by municipalities facing similar environmental problems are important in
terms of using time and financial resources more efficiently.
In this framework, it is observed that waste management projects carried out by local admi-
nistration unions are increasing. Moreover, within the scope of regional development policies,
it is envisaged to use service unions models in solving regional scale environmental problems.
As a matter of fact, establishment of service unions is recommended in EU supported regional
development projects.
The amount of municipal waste collected in Türkiye is 30,283 million tonnes/year for 2022.
Table 69 Municipal Waste Amounts (TURKSTAT, 2024)

Years Amount of Waste Collected (1,000 tonnes/year)
2016 31,584

2018 32,209
2020 32,324
2022 30,283

While wastes in Türkiye were generally dumped uncontrollably in irregular dumping areas in
the previous years, nowadays, landfills are rapidly being constructed and put into operation.
Following the start of sending municipal wastes to integrated waste management facilities inc-
luding landfill facilities established in accordance with the relevant legislation, waste dumping
to irregular dumping sites should be stopped by the relevant local administration and rehabili-
tated in accordance with rehabilitation projects. Preparation of rehabilitation projects by local
administrations and implementation of these rehabilitation projects are ongoing.

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