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Disaster Resilient Buildings in Urban Regeneration

set out in its annex called Principles for Identification of High Risk Buildings
(Regulation on High Risk Buildings, 2012). 14 million houses among about 19
million houses existing in Türkiye, except for 5 million houses built after 2000, as
of today should be definitely examined in terms of disaster risk. It is estimated
that 6-7 million buildings, which constitute about 40% of the building stock,
including buildings with insufficient earthquake design, unlicensed structures
lack of material resistance and not subjected to engineering services, need
to be regenerated or reinforced. Along with Law no. 6306, areas under the
disaster risk as well as high risk buildings apart from them are considered to
be regenerated, in addition, urban transformation works are ongoing under
Municipalities according to Article 73 of Municipal Law No.5393 (URL-1)
Building the disaster-resilient structures in urban transformation arises from
a need for increased disaster risks and the sustainability of cities. The purpose
of this study is to provide general information for the design, construction
and management of disaster-resilient structures in urban transformation.
Moreover, it aims to provide information about structural measures to reduce
the effects of disasters, minimize loss of life and damage to buildings, increase
the durability of them and ensure a sustainable urban transformation. This
study is important in terms of contributing to the creation of safer and more
resilient cities to cope with future disasters. In addition, due to the limited
resources in the field of disaster-resilient structures in urban transformation
for Türkiye, a disaster-prone country; this study will help fill another gap by
adding a new resource to the limited ones regarding the effects of disasters
on structures and building disaster-resilient structures.

1. The Effects of Disasters and Building Safety

1.1. Different Types of Disasters and Their Effects
Due to its geological, meteorological and topographical structure, Türkiye
is located in a geography that is often exposed to natural disasters. This
geography makes Türkiye facing various disasters such as landslides, rockfalls
and avalanches, especially earthquakes and floods. Considering the disasters
that have occurred in the last 40 years, it is seen in Figure 1 that an average of
6-25 people per million people lost their lives annually due to natural disasters
in Türkiye (Benli et al., 2018).

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