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The Role of Smart City Approach in
Sustainable Urban Planning Processes

Figure 1. Components and application areas of smart city applications
(Prepared by the author)
There are different definitions for the concept of smart city in the academic
literature. The concept of smart city which allows the development of different
perspectives is defined by Ojo et al. (2016) as the intellectual level required to
solve the problems and support innovation; while, from another point of view,
it can also be described as a concept that aims at life-long learning, natural
resource use and sustainable development (Ojo et al., 2016). It was defined
by Hollands (2008) as the concept that aims to increase the quality of human
life and social and economic development (Hollands, 2008). In addition, Hall
(2000) developed a definition of an innovative approach that emerges from the
adoption and use of information and communication technologies provided
by infrastructure and superstructure tools by urban residents (Hall, 2000). Each
definition addresses the concept of smart city from a different perspective in
terms of its conceptual content and emphasizes the use of natural and built
environment components within preservation – use balance.
The smart city approach has three dimensions at its core: human, society
and artificial intelligence. In addition, the approach incorporates six main
components such as smart citizen, smart governance, smart economy,
smart mobility, smart environment and smart living, which contribute to
the development of smart cities (Giffinger, 2007). The mentioned smart city
components and the decision mechanisms to actualise these components
working in harmony, coordination and cooperation is very important in terms
of reaching the goals intended with the ‘smart city’ concept. These goals are as
follows: (a) time savings, (b) improving individual mobility, (c) facilitating access
to information and services, (d) providing energy and resource savings, and
(E) ensuring the participation in decision-making processes (Lara et al., 2016).

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