Page 108 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 2

Industrial Decarbonization:
The Role Of Material Efficiency Strategies

Similarly, a study by Asiedu and Gu (1998: 885) suggests that it is possible to
mention four simple stages for a standard product: Design, Production, Use
and Disposal Below, there will be an explanation on what these four stages
involve, and what the suitable material strategies for each stage are, as well
as that these material strategies mean in detail with reference to IRP (2020a),
IEA (2019) and various studies in literature.

a. Design Stage and Strategies

Although the design stage is understood as the stage where a product
or service is designed physically or as an application, it is a more complex
stage. Literature contains many different definitions on its scope. These
differences result from the engineering, the type of product, as well as the
view and experience of the writer (Qureshi et al, 2014: 225). The scope of the
design stage is defined simply by Howard et al (2008) as establishing a need
phase, analysis of task phase, conceptual design phase, embodiment design
phase, detailed design phase, implementation phase. Eisenbart et al (2011)
expanded the same scope with two elements, use and finalizing. Gericke and
Blessing (2012) did a literary review and reached a generalized definition.
According to this classification, most design processes include analysis of,
conceptual design, embodiment design, and detailed design. Models such
as service design, software design and system engineering include a needs
analysis, while models such as system engineering, building design, software
design, service design and mechatronics require the implementation stage.
In addition, most of the system engineering models and individual models
such as building design/architecture, software design, and service design
also focus on product maintenance and repairs, so they require a use stage.
In system engineering, an additional closeout stage is added to the design
process (Gericke and Blessing, 2012: 176). To sum up, starting with the first
definition of the product concept, the design and development of a product
can be defined as the development of conceptual solutions, detailing of
these conceptual solutions, refinement and finalization of these solutions
(Quresh et al, 2014: 227). Therefore, it can be said that this is the stage where
the preliminary decision is made about which materials, how much and for
what will be needed for the product or service.. To illustrate, in line with
the decisions made as a result of thedesign stage, larger or more complex
designs will lead to more material-intensive products while relatively small
and simple designs will yield less material-intensive products. Therefore, the
design stage is an important step that also affects the following three stages.

Year 1 / Issue 2 / July 2022 94