Page 112 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 2

Industrial Decarbonization:
The Role Of Material Efficiency Strategies

insight into material use at the design stage. Moreover, reducing strategies
for production and use stages, repairing strategies for the use stage, recycling
strategies for end-of-life stages, reuse strategies for use and end-of-life stages
have been identified as convenient.
The compliance of a product’s end-of-life with these strategies is actually
the subject of the product’s design stage.Therefore, the end of a product’s life
should be planned starting from the design stage of the product (Gehin et al,
2008). As also emphasized in the design stage, designs for the environment
should be developed by taking into account the factors such as ensuring the
reuse of the product at the end of its life and facilitating its recycling.This will
facilitate the applicability of the end-of-life strategies as well.

Reduce
(D + P + U)
Second Hand
Repair Applicable before end-of-
(D + U) life of a product
Repurposing
Recycle
(D + E)
Relocating Use in a similar product with
little renewal
Reduction
(D + U + E)
Use in a similar product with
Refurbishing intensive repair and maintenance
Use in a different type of
Cascading product with little renewal
Applicable at the end-of-
life of a product
Use in a different type of
Reforming product with intensive repair and
maintenance
Remanufacturing

Recovery of the lifespan and the
components of a product

Figure 7: 4R Strategies Scheme 1
For the four stages, not all the material efficiency strategies summarized
here may be utilized all at once in the relevant production stage of a product.
Thus, literature contains sectoral strategies aiming at a specific product
(buildings, cars, etc.) or material (cement, steel, plastic, etc.). The strategies
that stand out for particular sectors are summarized in Table 1. This table also
displays how suitable suggested strategies are for certain stages in the last
column.
1 For further information see King et al, (2006), Mohanty, (2011), Goyal et al, (2018), Vermeulen et
al, (2019), Morseletto (2020).

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