Page 145 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 1

Dalya Hazar Kalonya

Livestock breeding and climate change are not only the causes, but also
the results of each other. Livestock breeding is affected negatively by climate
change in various ways while the ensuing greenhouse emissions increase
climate change. It is noted that cattle breeding is responsible for 65% of the
emission due to livestock breeding practices (Malik et al, 2015; Koç et al, 2016).
Therefore, it may be recommended to breed sheep and goat extensively
(largely in pastures).
To provide sustainability in global agriculture and good production and
consumption, there is need for developing animal product sources and to
increase the environmental performance of the sector, socio-economic
effects should also be considered. Pastures decrease the forage costs of
rural producers who live on livestock breeding. Land that will be transformed
into pastures through pasture improvements and ecological restoration may
improve the rural welfare. However, unless a grazing plan is made, no effective
pasture improvement method will yield a good result (Altıntaş et al, 2018). To
extend the grazing season and bridge the silage gap, it is recommended to
have artificial pastures (Gökkuş, 2014).
Another important issue is the need for the sufficient training of relevant
utilizers about the 4342 num. Pasture Law and regulations, raising an
awareness as to how to utilize the pasture and giving responsibility to relevant
manufacturers related to pastures (Altıntaş et al, 2018; Gökkür and Uysal, 2020).
Additionally, water resources have become the most critical and strategic
natural entity through the climate change process. Factors such as rapid
urbanization, transition from extensive production to intensive production
in livestock breeding, developments in industry, etc. have led to the rapid
disappearance of water presence on earth. Countries like Türkiye, which are
not rich in water resources and feel the effects of climate change directly need
to well preserve their water resources and utilize them efficiently (Eren et al,
2008; Yalçın and Kara, 2014).
Since the 2000s, there has been an increase in consumer concerns on the
quality and sustainability of agricultural goods production cycle. As a result,
“Alternative Agricultural Food Systems” (AAFS) that aim to increase the
welfare of rural producers and provide access to healthier food have emerged
(Karakaya Ayalp, 2020). It is thought that integrating AAFS into livestock
breeding practices will provide great advantages. Especially the sheep and
goat breeding practices in Türkiye, which are largely based on traditional
extensive methods, have a great potential in this respect.
Livestock breeding practices seem to create a big part of the agricultural
sector-based emissions. In order to decrease the relevant emissions, especially
extensive production is promoted, but the restorative agricultural alternatives

130 Journal of Environment, Urbanization and Climate,