Page 250 - 7. State Of Environment Report Of Türkiye

Forest types according to biogeographical regions are:

Euro-Siberian Biogeographic Region:
y Leafy-coniferous Forests (Beech, Chestnut, Hornbeam; 500-1.200 m),

y Moist-semi-moist Coniferous Forests (larch, yellow pine, spruce, fir; 1.000-1.500 m),
y Arid oak and pine forests (Oak<1.500 m; larch >600 m; Red pine: 400-500 m)
y Shrub (maquis - false maquis) formation (Red pine <500 m)

Mediterranean Biogeographic Region:
y Shrub (Maquis and Garigue) formation (Oaks, sandalwood, gum, myrtle vb. 350 m Marmara,
600 m Aegean; 800 m Mediterranean),
y Low Altitude Mediterranean belt Forests (Red pine<1.000 m; Larch:800-1.500 m),

y Aegean High Mountain Forests (Chestnut<1000 m; Beech, Linden, Hazelnut >1.500 m; Scot-
ch pine>1.600 m; Oak, larch >700 m, Red pine<600 m),

y Mediterranean High Mountain Forests (Oak:500-1,200 m; larch:1,200-200 m; Fir:1,200-
1,800 m; Cedar:1,000-2,000 m; Juniper:100-1,800 m; Beech-Hornbeam:1,100-1.900 m)

Irano-Turanian Biogeographic Region:
y Central Anatolia Steppe Forests (Mossy and downy oak, Larch, Juniper: 800-1.500 m),

y Central Anatolia Arid Larch, Oak and Juniper Forests (Oaks: <1.200 m; Larch:1,000 m- 1,500
m; Scotch pine>1,500 m),

y Eastern Anatolia Arid Oak Forests (oak species <850 m).
Türkiye’s rich forest ecosystems provide habitat for many endemic plant species, important bird
species and many wildlife species. In these ecosystems, there are wild relatives of many cultiva-
ted plants that are important for agricultural biodiversity.

F.1.1.4. Mountain Ecosystems

In Türkiye, there are mountain systems formed by folds, fractures and volcanism. Types of moun-
tain ecosystems vary according to biogeographic regions, formation type and altitude.

Mountains formed by fracture are located in the Aegean Region. These mountains lie perpen-
dicular to the coast and are rich in water resources. Kaz Mountains, Yunt Mountains, Boz Moun-
tains, Aydın and Menteşe Mountains are important mountains of this region. Mount Ida is the
habitat of Mount Ida Fir (Abies nordmanniana ssp. equi-trojani), which is important both for its
endemicity and genetic diversity.

The most important mountain ranges of Türkiye, formed as a result of Alpine-Himalayan folds,
are Yıldız, Köroğlu, Küre, Canik, Eastern Black Sea Mountains in the north, Western and Central
Taurus Mountains in the south, Nur and Southeastern Taurus Mountains in the south-east, Hınzır,
Tahtalı, Munzur, Palandöken, Allahüekber and Aras Mountains in central and eastern Anatolia.
These mountain systems, especially the Taurus Mountains, are important ecosystems in terms
of biological diversity with their high endemism rate. Subalpine and alpine meadows dominate
the high parts of the Eastern Black Sea Mountains and the northern and northeastern parts of
Eastern Anatolia, while steppe and meadow ecosystems dominate the high mountain levels of
other regions. As one descends downwards, forest ecosystems differentiating according to re-

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