Page 20 - Çevre Şehir İklim İngilizce - Sayı 2

The Relationship Between Resilient Settlement And
Construction And Sustainability

The social dynamics of present day settlements can be measured based
on how cities and city residents can benefit from opportunities such as water,
energy, food, education, job opportunities, economic development, finance,
safetyhealth, insurance, infrastructure and telecommunication, by managing
built environment efficiently (Normandin, Therrien and Tanguay, 2009). However,
these resilience parameters are centered around the satisfaction of human
beings. In the present-day world of increased environmental disasters, there is
growing need for identifiable models that are sensitive towards environmental
and climatic issues, and focused on ecological footprint mitigation.

2. The Tresholds that Affect Settlements

The dynamics of the revolutions in the human history recorded through
archeological excavations shaped the physical environment, led to social
developments and accordingly, changed life styles. According to famous
sociologist and philosopher, Alvin Toffler, the recorded human history went
through three critical tresholds (Figure 1) (Koç and Teker, 2009).

Figure 1: The tresholds affecting settlements throughout recorded history, Prepared by: Leman
Öznur Alaçam

The first threshold, Agricultural Revolution, emerged after the Neolithic
period. Based on archeological data, it is known that during agricultural
period, hunter-gatherer society turned into a farmer society. This period took
people thousands of years. During the agricultural period, people learned
how to live together. Life together brought about the concept of property,
and laid the foundation for the fundamental rules and regulations for a life
together. It is possible to say that civilization developed thanks to farming
culture (Koç and Teker, 2019). Çatalhöyük in Anatolia, which dates back to
7100 B.C., is considered as one of the earliest physical formations.

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