Page 127 - 7. State Of Environment Report Of Türkiye

However, Türkiye is located in the Mediterranean Basin, which is defined as one of the vulnerab-
le regions against the negative impacts of climate change in the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-
mate Change (IPCC) reports. The average temperature in the Mediterranean Basin has increased
by 1.5 degrees Celsius since the late 19 century, compared to the global average of 1.1 degrees
th
Celsius, and temperatures are expected to increase by an additional 1.5 degrees Celsius by 2050
if targeted global climate actions fail.

Especially in the last two decades, adverse effects such as extreme rainfall, floods, storms, lands-
lides, heat waves and forest fires have become more frequent and severe in Türkiye.

Türkiye is among the risk group countries in terms of potential impacts of global climate change.
Natural disasters that are expected to increase in Türkiye due to climate change are listed as fo-
rest fires, storms, floods, hail, heat waves, landslides and avalanches. Irregular, sudden and heavy
rainfall and floods that we experience with the changing climate increase landslides, erosion
and desertification. Along with drought, famine, forest fires, heat waves, locust invasion, ticks,
mosquitoes, etc. pests and related long-distance migrations are also increasing. Increasing wind
storms cause disasters such as heavy rain, hail, tornadoes, lightning, flash floods, city floods to be
more frequent, more severe, longer lasting and effective everywhere.

Within the framework of the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and rela-
tive capabilities” of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), to
which Türkiye became a party in 2004, Türkiye continues to work on both reducing greenhouse
gas emissions and adapting to the adverse effects of climate change. In this context, Türkiye
became a party to the Paris Agreement on 11 November 2021 in line with the 2053 Net Zero
Emission Target announced by our President as a whole with the green development revolution.

UPDATED FIRST NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION

The Republic of Türkiye submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to
the UNFCCC in September 2015 for the ultimate goal set out in Article 2 of the Convention. With
INDC, Türkiye announced its greenhouse gas mitigation target of up to 21% by 2030 according
to the reference scenario. Parties to the Paris Agreement are obliged to submit a “Nationally
Determined Contribution (NDC)” to the UNFCCC every five years, each time including more am-
bitious mitigation targets (and optionally climate change adaptation targets). In this context,
Türkiye submitted its First Updated NDC to the UNFCCC on 13 April 2023. In the updated NDC, the
emission reduction previously announced as 21% has been increased to 41% in 2030 compared
to the reference scenario. The main sectoral policies and key transparency indicators under the
NDC are as follows.

Energy Sector;

• Maximising the use of energy efficiency and renewable energy potential, taking into account
feasibility, market conditions and energy security,

• In line with Türkiye’s National Energy Plan, reaching an average installed capacity of 33 GW
in solar energy, 18 GW in wind energy, 35 GW in hydroelectric energy, and 4.8 GW in nuclear
energy,

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